What is an anaphora and what effect can it have on tone?

• A. Anaphora is the repetition of a sound at the end of clauses.
• B. Anaphora is the repetition of a word at the end of successive sentences.
• C. Anaphora is the repetition of a phrase within a single line.
• D. Anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase at the start of successive clauses; it can create emphasis, rhythm, and intensify emotion.

Answer: (D)

Anaphora is the repetition of a word or phrase at the start of successive clauses or sentences. This pattern creates emphasis by repeatedly drawing attention to the same beginning, gives the passage a rhythmic momentum, and can heighten emotional intensity, making the tone feel more urgent, determined, or hopeful. For example, in a speech/chant, repeating the same opening phrase like “We shall…” with each clause builds a strong, marching cadence that reinforces resolve and unity. If the repetition occurs at the end of clauses, that’s a different device and tends to shift the tone, while repetition inside a single line can create emphasis but isn’t the same structural effect as the canonical anaphora.