AICE English Form Structure and Language Practice Test

The main idea here is distinguishing how a clause differs from a phrase based on the presence of a finite verb. A clause includes a subject and a predicate with a finite verb, which shows tense and agrees with the subject. Because of that, clauses can express complete ideas, and independent clauses can stand alone as sentences, while dependent ones join with others to complete meaning.

A phrase, on the other hand, groups words together but does not have a finite verb to mark tense. It can contain nouns, adjectives, prepositions, or participles, and it functions as a unit within a sentence, but it cannot stand alone as a sentence because it lacks a full predicate with a finite verb.

So the statement that captures the distinction is that a clause contains a finite verb; a phrase does not. This is the clearest way to separate the two, since other descriptions either blur the difference or misstate what a phrase can or cannot contain.